Throughout my playing career I’ve used various different formulas for practice sessions, depending on the stage I was at and what I was trying to achieve, but I have always included these 4 basic elements:
- Warm-up
- Scales and Arpeggios
- Studies
- Repertoire
Warming Up
Though experimentation, I’ve come to the conclusion that there is no such thing as an “ideal warm up”. I “reinvent” my routine completely every couple of months and make slight changes on a day to day basis depending on how I feel both physically and mentally.
I suggest that the time you spend warming up should be between 10-20 minutes but whatever you decide to do, keep it gentle! For the record, here’s my current set up:
- Legato chromatic scales (semi-quavers) over the compass of the instrument to the accompaniment of a 70 bpm metronome speed – excellent for stimulating blood flow into cold hands!
- A couple of Klosé exercises
- Legato octave leaps over the compass of the instrument
- Long tones
I vary the dynamics on an ad-hoc basis.
I also use the same “warm up of the moment” prior to rehearsals, recording session or performance as it seems to preserve some semblance of “normality”.
Scales and Arpeggios
I cycle systematically through all key signatures on a weekly basis. That is, I work on one key signature per week and play different permutations of exercises within that key: major, both minors, dominant 7ths, diminished 7ths, legato, tongued and staccato, different rhythms, scales in thirds, etc., etc.
If you are looking for inspiration, you might find it helpful to follow a published tutor scales and arpeggios. For clarinettists: I’ve found Galper’s Clarinet Scales and Arpeggios (Boosey and Hawkes) very comprehensive and also useful for reference.
Most days I spend an hour in this area.
Studies
These staple gems of a musician’s practice are primarily designed to improve aspects of your technique. There are tens of volumes of study books on the market, all varying in difficulty and musical styles. Most teachers have their own particular favourite volumes but if you are able to choose yourself, I’d avoid the ones which look like wallpaper especially if you are still working through the early stages of clarinet playing. I was raised on Demnitz and Uhl personally but have been inspired recently by David Thomas (http://blog.davidhthomas.net) to have a look at Jean-Jean.
I think the key to working productively on studies is to remember that these too are music. If you don’t approach them as you would repertoire you might fall into the trap, as I did when younger, where you come to look on them as a tedious necessity to be got out the way as quickly as possible. Careful and close practice of studies on a daily basis is one of the quickest ways of seeing improvement in your playing.
Repertoire
This is the musician’s apple pie and cream reward for eating the vegetables (studies!).
It seems to me that there are two schools of thought in regards to building core repertoire. The first is to study a work for a set length of time and then move onto something else, regardless of whether performance standard has been reached. The second is to work without a time limit until the work can be said to be fully mastered. In my view neither of these methods should be slavishly followed. A better way is a combination of the two.
I am of the opinion that studying a piece to performance standard is only really necessary when there is an opportunity to perform, whether that is an audition, recital or recording. That’s not to say that you do not constantly strive for excellence. My core repertoire list would be a lot bigger than it is at present if I hadn’t insisted on doggedly pursuing my idea of perfection.
My suggestion is that you tackle the learning process in two main stages – evolution and maturation. Should there be no performance on the horizon, stop at the evolution stage – notes mastered and a firm idea to musical interpretation but not yet up to tempo. Move onto to something else until a few weeks before a live opportunity presents itself and then move into the maturation period – bringing up to speed. The final result seems to benefit from “time off”. It’s almost as if your brain needs rest to process what it has taken on board.
My recommendation for anyone studying the clarinet is to experience the widest range of musical styles that you can lay your hands on. In the professional we’re asked to play all sorts or weird and wonderful stuff!
Additional Considerations
Sight Reading and Transposition
I used to practice my sight reading and transposition skills on a daily basis using discarded simple short study books. Being an ace sight reader is a very useful skill to have and for clarinettists, being able to transpose C clarinet parts for example, without having to write them out, is essential for the orchestral musician.
Extracts – Orchestral, Opera, Chamber
I would say for the advanced student, including the study of extracts is essential. If practice time available is a challenge extracts can be used in place of etudes proper. Whilst not aiming to improve any particular point of technique, they do promote familiarisation and provide insight. For a clarinettist to play the first page of “Boheme” at sight is one thing, to be able to stay with it at tempo is quite another and even more horrifying if this experience first happens in rehearsal. And before you ask – yes – my memory still bears the scars!
How many hours should I practice?
As I mentioned to Emily in a reply to her comment on a previous post, I have known a few clarinettists who only practiced a couple of hours a day and then spent a few more in the student bar every night yet turned in virtuosic performances; equally, I could list many others who were obsessed with slogging through to tick off the magical number 6 hours (as prescribed by their teacher as the optimum for success) and yet achieved only an average degree.
Personally, for solo practice, 4 hours split x2 hours x 2 sessions (excluding breaks) suits me both from a physical and psychological perspective. Depending on where you are in your career and playing commitments, you may add or subtract but always include the basic elements whatever time you have available.
Best advice? Find what is right for you. Avoid bowing to peer pressure or copying what you clarinet idol of the moment happens to be doing.
Taking Breaks
Don’t forget to take regular breaks when you are practicing. I take 15 minutes between each hour and have a much longer gap in the middle of the day before I start my afternoon session.
I carry out most of my practice sitting down so I make sure I get up and walk around, maybe wander out into the garden for some outdoor air and work through a very simple stretching routine.
Next in this series: Effective and Efficient Practice III – How to Breathe Life into Repetition








